<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge, chrome=1">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"/>
    <meta name="description" content="objdump:显示二进制文件信息 - 最专业的Linux命令大全，内容包含Linux命令手册、详解、学习，值得收藏的Linux命令速查手册。">
    <meta name="keywords" content="Linux,Command,命令大全,Linux命令手册,objdump,显示二进制文件信息">
    <title>objdump 命令，Linux objdump 命令详解：显示二进制文件信息 -  Linux 命令搜索引擎</title>
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../img/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/index.css?v=1710869894392">
    <script src="../js/dark-mode.min.js"></script>
    <script type="module" src="../js/github-corners.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<dark-mode permanent dark="Dark" light="Light" style="position: fixed;left: 10px;top: 8px; z-index: 999;"></dark-mode>
<github-corners target="__blank" z-index="999" position="fixed" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command"></github-corners>
<div class="header header_list">
  <div class="header_inner">
      <div class="logo">
          <a href="/">
            <svg width="183px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 183 48" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <!-- kenny wang <wowohoo@qq.com> https://github.com/jaywcjlove --> <title>logo</title> <desc>Linux Command Logo. https://github.com/jaywcjlove</desc><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(-576.000000, -261.000000)" fill="currentColor"> <g id="logo" transform="translate(576.000000, 261.000000)"> <path d="M20.4917792,0.000336524232 C20.1886146,-0.000100520225 19.8723998,0.0124863601 19.542641,0.0387964365 C11.2083649,0.710004944 13.4186692,9.51473754 13.2949769,12.4631618 C13.1427718,14.6193207 12.7056049,16.3185233 11.2226825,18.426428 C9.48047033,20.4982285 7.02763261,23.8514609 5.86566251,27.3420607 C5.3172635,28.9894735 5.05630425,30.6686289 5.29730805,32.2578406 C5.22181299,32.325447 5.14994103,32.3962788 5.08160039,32.469239 C4.57008792,33.0153217 4.19213625,33.6769851 3.77100458,34.1224689 C3.37755968,34.5149436 2.81698897,34.6642292 2.20097918,34.8852382 C1.58472464,35.1063477 0.908127379,35.4323261 0.497432332,36.2204265 C0.497432332,36.2204265 0.497432332,36.2207368 0.49712203,36.2207368 C0.496684986,36.222048 0.495373852,36.2233591 0.494936808,36.2246702 L0.494936808,36.2246702 C0.123151829,36.919077 0.233680372,37.718746 0.347224522,38.4596325 C0.460773043,39.2004972 0.575720105,39.9005856 0.423139144,40.3755699 C-0.0645762474,41.7086473 -0.126850712,42.6307542 0.216491414,43.2996202 C0.560563403,43.9698759 1.2680029,44.2657113 2.06756262,44.432706 C3.66668644,44.7666954 5.83232039,44.6837094 7.53908826,45.5883128 L7.68579097,45.3115063 L7.54060917,45.5891344 C9.36778716,46.5444437 11.2201913,46.8837519 12.698079,46.5461831 C13.7695766,46.3014513 14.6393781,45.6634363 15.0860725,44.6816946 C16.2420201,44.6760567 17.5104717,44.1864315 19.5423657,44.0745568 C20.9208039,43.9635213 22.6427241,44.564051 24.6233484,44.4540775 C24.6751207,44.6689591 24.750052,44.8756375 24.8526175,45.0720452 C24.8539287,45.0742305 24.8548028,45.0759786 24.8556769,45.0780328 C25.6234722,46.6133699 27.0500902,47.3156173 28.570428,47.1956355 C30.0927718,47.075492 31.711331,46.1778551 33.0196848,44.6208231 L32.7798304,44.4192582 L33.0215204,44.618616 C34.2685787,43.1065034 36.3384911,42.4794975 37.7110118,41.6516741 C38.3972721,41.2377581 38.9541192,40.7194802 38.9971462,39.966706 C39.0401514,39.2142991 38.5984218,38.3711223 37.5826868,37.2436088 L37.5823765,37.2432985 C37.5820662,37.2428614 37.5815024,37.2424244 37.5810654,37.2415503 C37.2473295,36.8644028 37.0881185,36.1654026 36.91702,35.4210285 C36.7460395,34.6771089 36.5551865,33.8746254 35.9444344,33.3545687 L35.9444344,33.3545687 C35.9431233,33.3532575 35.9418121,33.3523835 35.940938,33.3515094 L35.940938,33.3515094 C35.6978714,33.1397045 35.4452772,32.9959518 35.1909042,32.8993694 C36.0400422,30.3810493 35.7068789,27.8734149 34.8497254,25.6073831 C33.7977638,22.8263338 31.9611937,20.4030752 30.5585738,18.7453569 C28.9885703,16.7650385 27.4529665,14.8848863 27.4832187,12.1079627 C27.5299825,7.86977213 27.9494053,0.0101787654 20.4914689,0 L20.4917792,0.000336524232 Z M21.5014393,6.5296802 C21.9246338,6.5296802 22.2860696,6.65372652 22.6573476,6.92320377 C23.0345213,7.1969553 23.3062494,7.53965497 23.5252523,8.01821865 C23.7401952,8.48461502 23.843613,8.94086321 23.8537568,9.48229573 C23.8537568,9.49649968 23.8537568,9.50864951 23.8576902,9.52285346 C23.8616236,10.0784681 23.7664397,10.5509481 23.5555483,11.0335676 C23.4352081,11.3089536 23.2970146,11.540089 23.1316064,11.7401941 C23.0754506,11.7132285 23.0171357,11.6873118 22.9566488,11.6624396 L22.9566488,11.6624396 C22.5373789,11.4828667 22.2157491,11.3685884 21.9476879,11.2755722 C22.044856,11.158772 22.1257661,11.0202464 22.1969169,10.8470719 C22.3043949,10.5854877 22.3571155,10.3299784 22.367255,10.025813 C22.367255,10.0136631 22.3711884,10.00348 22.3711884,9.98931975 C22.3772633,9.69732161 22.3387597,9.44789596 22.2535753,9.19239103 C22.1643483,8.92472316 22.0507955,8.73208707 21.886541,8.57188842 C21.722291,8.41168541 21.5580366,8.33869024 21.361336,8.33260221 C21.3521143,8.33216517 21.3429364,8.33216517 21.3338459,8.33216517 C21.1488275,8.33260221 20.9881699,8.39616596 20.8219532,8.53532529 C20.6475593,8.6813331 20.5177834,8.86788115 20.4103054,9.12744186 C20.3028318,9.38699819 20.2501067,9.64452664 20.239976,9.95073309 C20.2377908,9.96288293 20.2377908,9.97306607 20.2377908,9.9852159 C20.2342945,10.1535261 20.2449584,10.307711 20.2709188,10.4574381 C19.8923378,10.2687966 19.535574,10.1401875 19.2007499,10.0604924 C19.181651,9.91570835 19.1706375,9.76629596 19.1670975,9.61007442 L19.1670975,9.56750629 C19.1610225,9.01391519 19.2522643,8.53941165 19.4651836,8.05679657 C19.6781029,7.57417712 19.9417194,7.2274173 20.3128051,6.94555422 C20.6838952,6.66369114 21.0488973,6.53391079 21.4808239,6.52985938 L21.5010154,6.52985938 L21.5014393,6.5296802 Z M15.7091362,6.98827969 C15.9898804,6.98871673 16.2410892,7.0827381 16.5009296,7.29023807 C16.7828014,7.51531597 16.9957164,7.80326271 17.1741616,8.20882685 C17.3526112,8.614391 17.4479175,9.01995077 17.4742757,9.49851445 L17.4742757,9.50244785 C17.4870374,9.70344023 17.485464,9.89263677 17.469643,10.0758677 C17.4141165,10.091645 17.3597045,10.1087334 17.3064069,10.1270762 C17.0036968,10.2312719 16.7369205,10.373272 16.5044085,10.5268101 C16.5271785,10.366205 16.5305437,10.2032486 16.5131057,10.0215605 C16.5109204,10.0114211 16.5109204,10.0032921 16.5109204,9.99319633 C16.4865771,9.75189098 16.435893,9.54911109 16.3507218,9.34429895 C16.2594713,9.131384 16.1580813,8.98132478 16.0242452,8.86573527 C15.9029566,8.76098882 15.7883592,8.71289208 15.6622806,8.71384046 C15.6492567,8.71384046 15.636058,8.71427751 15.6227281,8.71558864 C15.4807804,8.72773848 15.3631674,8.79669098 15.251638,8.93255936 C15.1401086,9.068419 15.0671091,9.23672919 15.0143884,9.4597792 C14.9616634,9.68284232 14.9474682,9.90184967 14.9697706,10.1532945 C14.9697706,10.1634339 14.9719558,10.1715629 14.9719558,10.1816586 C14.9962992,10.4249963 15.0449553,10.6277718 15.1321501,10.8325883 C15.2213771,11.0434797 15.3247905,11.1935346 15.4586266,11.3091153 C15.481047,11.3284764 15.5032139,11.3458708 15.525289,11.361399 C15.3860816,11.468536 15.3196072,11.5179308 15.2055298,11.6017559 C15.1323642,11.6554425 15.0452263,11.7193646 14.94395,11.7940162 C14.7230765,11.5871106 14.5507673,11.3270648 14.4001137,10.984671 C14.2216641,10.5791112 14.1263578,10.1735471 14.0979674,9.69498342 L14.0979674,9.69105002 C14.0716136,9.21249508 14.1182463,8.8008429 14.2500545,8.37500864 C14.3818627,7.94916563 14.5582845,7.6409444 14.813785,7.38745861 C15.06929,7.13399031 15.3268184,7.00623784 15.6370763,6.99001912 C15.6613322,6.98870799 15.6853347,6.98827095 15.709123,6.98827095 L15.7091362,6.98827969 Z M18.3434478,10.3083666 C18.9959552,10.3057443 19.7811624,10.5197693 20.731756,11.1309629 C21.3156605,11.5106715 21.7700031,11.5424053 22.8162176,11.9904939 L22.8175288,11.9909309 L22.8188399,11.991368 C23.322219,12.1979021 23.6176741,12.4671083 23.7620255,12.7505841 C23.906377,13.034073 23.9099039,13.3414857 23.7890786,13.6648724 C23.5474411,14.3116676 22.7761407,14.9923468 21.6937826,15.3303395 L21.6929085,15.3307766 L21.6920344,15.3312136 C21.1642857,15.5026793 20.7040867,15.8813302 20.1615484,16.1915706 C19.6190277,16.5017979 19.00512,16.7520102 18.1703739,16.7037212 C18.1703739,16.7037168 18.1703739,16.7037212 18.1703739,16.7037212 C17.4597396,16.6622893 17.0349499,16.4210539 16.650849,16.1123607 C16.2667437,15.8036631 15.9320245,15.4158517 15.4418966,15.1280491 L15.4405854,15.1271751 L15.4392743,15.126301 C14.6497885,14.6800742 14.2187709,14.163964 14.0834969,13.7165354 C13.9482185,13.2691068 14.075193,12.8871911 14.4668766,12.5936327 C14.9072645,12.2635986 15.2131825,12.0390976 15.4169632,11.8895453 C15.6194022,11.7409983 15.703625,11.685297 15.7680935,11.623394 C15.7684038,11.622957 15.7685305,11.622957 15.7689675,11.6225199 L15.7692735,11.6220829 C16.1001729,11.3088706 16.6276463,10.738226 17.4227569,10.4645313 C17.696421,10.3703264 18.001784,10.3095466 18.3435746,10.3081961 L18.3434478,10.3083666 Z M22.9062619,13.0069369 C22.6246829,13.0237631 22.3297828,13.1687002 21.9864013,13.3604054 C21.6430199,13.5521105 21.256878,13.7973406 20.8384079,14.0388338 C20.0014721,14.5218204 19.038047,14.9837283 18.0805918,14.9837283 C17.1216551,14.9837283 16.3555118,14.5408493 15.7808726,14.0854752 C15.4935509,13.8577838 15.2564149,13.6284404 15.0669561,13.4510265 C14.9722311,13.3623109 14.8900799,13.2867065 14.8134179,13.2276487 C14.7367734,13.1685909 14.6743853,13.1100357 14.5461303,13.1100357 L14.5400116,13.3795435 C14.5308337,13.4697233 14.5213935,13.4669437 14.5251084,13.4693999 C14.5310959,13.4733333 14.5608587,13.4835601 14.5955731,13.5103509 C14.6519344,13.5537495 14.7301609,13.6245375 14.8230067,13.7114832 C15.0086981,13.8853788 15.2554403,14.124464 15.5592255,14.3652012 C16.166796,14.8466668 17.0117515,15.3406363 18.0806093,15.3406363 C19.1509618,15.3406363 20.1636375,14.8403471 21.016875,14.3479598 C21.4434872,14.1017639 21.8309534,13.8560094 22.1604324,13.6720705 C22.4898897,13.4881185 22.7670895,13.3727781 22.9275766,13.3632068 L22.9062925,13.00695 L22.9062619,13.0069369 Z M23.8576858,14.2878093 C24.5685911,17.0901733 26.2220701,21.1378562 27.2848005,23.113201 C27.8496849,24.1612205 28.9735097,26.3878921 29.4590574,29.0706371 C29.7667148,29.0611969 30.1054855,29.1059065 30.4682673,29.1987042 C31.7377591,25.907589 29.3917525,22.3626165 28.3189832,21.375368 C27.8858722,20.9551061 27.8650557,20.7668098 28.0797669,20.7757081 C29.2436775,21.8049915 30.7716374,23.8752142 31.3275492,26.211938 C31.581035,27.2774436 31.6350799,28.3975886 31.3630809,29.5030663 C31.4961478,29.5583437 31.6312951,29.6184504 31.7682604,29.683286 C33.806037,30.6755779 34.5596721,31.5384567 34.1973186,32.716121 C34.0779748,32.7117506 33.960576,32.7126247 33.8460659,32.7152469 C33.8354021,32.7155572 33.8247819,32.715684 33.814118,32.716121 C34.1092104,31.7826203 33.4554837,31.0941179 31.7135031,30.305952 C29.9067264,29.5110511 28.4669839,29.5901387 28.2236507,31.2022427 C28.2080919,31.2867016 28.1955487,31.3727644 28.1860212,31.460029 C28.05104,31.506902 27.9153158,31.5667509 27.7792552,31.6412014 C26.9308557,32.1054213 26.4677896,32.9477371 26.2102393,33.9808403 C25.9529032,35.0131131 25.8791213,36.2610673 25.8081016,37.6639101 L25.8081016,37.6647842 C25.7647031,38.3701826 25.4746935,39.3242507 25.1805582,40.3347805 C22.2207839,42.446033 18.1128938,43.3607409 14.6251435,40.9805006 C14.3887768,40.6065916 14.1176344,40.2361221 13.8385378,39.8707355 C13.6603154,39.6373843 13.4772332,39.4054841 13.2952172,39.1768225 C13.6532528,39.1768225 13.9575843,39.1184771 14.2035442,39.0069433 C14.5094142,38.8682516 14.724322,38.6454901 14.8306462,38.3594969 C15.0432858,37.7875325 14.8297721,36.9806654 14.1489836,36.0592664 C13.4682956,35.137933 12.3154554,34.0981212 10.6214273,33.0592009 C10.6214273,33.0592009 10.621117,33.0592009 10.621117,33.0588906 C9.37658486,32.2846183 8.68057408,31.3355981 8.3547924,30.3051959 C8.02898013,29.2747018 8.07466439,28.1604089 8.32577265,27.0602631 C8.80774091,24.9485692 10.0461107,22.8947793 10.8362565,21.605909 C11.0489879,21.4493815 10.9122629,21.8964561 10.0363515,23.5230089 C9.25134103,25.0101357 7.78376323,28.4420972 9.79314068,31.1210705 C9.84684033,29.2145776 10.3021401,27.2701931 11.0664741,25.45145 C12.1797968,22.9278068 14.5084483,18.5514927 14.6933968,15.0635108 C14.7887555,15.1327561 15.1164383,15.3538525 15.2624505,15.4368866 C15.2627608,15.4373237 15.2628875,15.4373237 15.2633246,15.4373237 C15.6905181,15.6888908 16.0113611,16.0566244 16.426903,16.3905832 C16.8432709,16.7252019 17.3634237,17.0142238 18.149269,17.0600129 L18.149269,17.0600129 C19.066516,17.113092 19.7655905,16.8289912 20.3383504,16.5014745 C20.9102449,16.1744603 21.3671137,15.8125482 21.7999582,15.6712779 C21.8003952,15.6708409 21.8012693,15.6708409 21.8017063,15.6708409 C22.7163355,15.3848215 23.44356,14.8785842 23.857393,14.2881327 L23.8576858,14.2878093 Z M29.6669682,30.3312962 C30.0374289,30.329548 30.4861993,30.4530917 30.9774372,30.6728508 C32.2995623,31.2832227 32.713238,31.8063999 32.3522873,32.5749338 C32.0481219,33.1548918 30.7462669,34.0775407 29.8540319,33.8342075 C28.9435503,33.5989814 28.4994564,32.2869871 28.6474877,31.2953987 C28.7267763,30.6220356 29.1076387,30.3339097 29.6669682,30.3312962 L29.6669682,30.3312962 Z M28.1710786,32.1433306 C28.2458176,33.3559191 28.8457529,34.5926195 29.9067526,34.8602742 C31.0678224,35.1661922 32.7418469,34.16998 33.4486352,33.3574182 C33.5895689,33.3517803 33.7273516,33.3448313 33.8611658,33.3416409 C34.4811527,33.3266503 35.001157,33.3620509 35.5324588,33.8267253 L35.534207,33.8284735 L35.5359552,33.8302216 C35.9442465,34.1761336 36.1383204,34.8298385 36.3066481,35.5621545 C36.4749627,36.294475 36.6095636,37.0920505 37.11435,37.6602345 L37.115224,37.6611086 L37.1156611,37.6619827 C38.0861227,38.7388952 38.3980544,39.4668146 38.3715083,39.931406 C38.344936,40.3960279 38.008556,40.7409347 37.3873891,41.1155867 C36.1455928,41.864576 33.9453056,42.5158727 32.5399192,44.2181871 C31.3196037,45.6704378 29.8315635,46.4680352 28.5210638,46.5714617 C27.2105642,46.6748883 26.0799127,46.1309646 25.4133237,44.793071 L25.4115756,44.7900117 L25.4098274,44.7869524 C24.9962959,44.0002986 25.1685614,42.758852 25.5169207,41.4493706 C25.8652845,40.1398937 26.3657922,38.7953264 26.4327911,37.7024923 L26.4327911,37.7007442 L26.4327911,37.698996 C26.5036666,36.2987755 26.5820418,35.0759688 26.8172504,34.1324728 C27.0524633,33.1889769 27.4228236,32.5499829 28.0790545,32.1909116 C28.109604,32.1742165 28.139948,32.1584392 28.1701128,32.1435097 L28.1710786,32.1433306 Z M6.86074718,32.2348346 C6.95869322,32.2351449 7.06234705,32.2434006 7.17277507,32.2601394 C7.91559769,32.3726653 8.5633675,32.8920358 9.18746261,33.7385341 C9.8115621,34.5850455 10.3922762,35.7405823 10.9892352,37.0223812 L10.9901093,37.0241294 L10.9905463,37.0258776 C11.4702594,38.0271115 12.4825418,39.128044 13.3403902,40.2511564 C14.1982341,41.3742689 14.8621527,42.5016163 14.7756966,43.3644732 L14.7753863,43.3684066 L14.775076,43.37234 C14.6632363,44.843978 13.8330966,45.6451198 12.5587449,45.9361914 C11.2847734,46.2271625 9.55771794,45.9379396 7.83269472,45.035587 L7.83094655,45.035587 C5.9224477,44.0247687 3.65205856,44.1251622 2.19566909,43.8209924 C1.46727769,43.6688572 0.99200058,43.44013 0.773862951,43.0151698 C0.55571221,42.5902315 0.550839164,41.8488511 1.01440785,40.5847437 L1.01659307,40.5791059 L1.01834125,40.573468 C1.24759292,39.8663213 1.07793226,39.0925822 0.96663015,38.3663367 C0.855328038,37.6400911 0.800894151,36.9795116 1.04888192,36.5190765 L1.05019305,36.5168913 L1.05150418,36.514706 C1.36900824,35.9026821 1.83472718,35.683902 2.41273159,35.4765375 C2.990736,35.2691556 3.67612223,35.1062953 4.21734934,34.5638925 L4.21997161,34.5612703 L4.22259387,34.558648 C4.72293985,34.0308163 5.09877623,33.3691834 5.53863963,32.8995879 C5.90977341,32.5033678 6.28118253,32.2407652 6.84099715,32.2368755 L6.86053303,32.2368755 L6.86074718,32.2348346 Z"></path> <path d="M58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,6.7578125 L65.4194336,6.7578125 L65.4194336,35.2832031 L80.4008789,35.2832031 L80.4008789,40 L58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,40 Z M86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,15.3378906 L92.9008789,15.3378906 L92.9008789,40 L86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,40 Z M86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,5.63476562 L92.9008789,5.63476562 L92.9008789,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 Z M100.211426,40 L100.211426,15.3378906 L106.859863,15.3378906 L106.859863,19.9873047 C109.031098,16.513329 111.8312,14.7763672 115.260254,14.7763672 C117.461437,14.7763672 119.198399,15.4726493 120.471191,16.8652344 C121.743984,18.2578195 122.380371,20.1594932 122.380371,22.5703125 L122.380371,40 L115.731934,40 L115.731934,24.2099609 C115.731934,21.4098167 114.803557,20.0097656 112.946777,20.0097656 C110.835439,20.0097656 108.806488,21.4996596 106.859863,24.4794922 L106.859863,40 L100.211426,40 L100.211426,40 L100.211426,40 Z M145.672363,40 L145.672363,35.3505859 C143.516102,38.8245616 140.716,40.5615234 137.271973,40.5615234 C135.07079,40.5615234 133.333828,39.8652413 132.061035,38.4726562 C130.788242,37.0800712 130.151855,35.1783975 130.151855,32.7675781 L130.151855,15.3378906 L136.800293,15.3378906 L136.800293,31.1279297 C136.800293,33.9280739 137.736156,35.328125 139.60791,35.328125 C141.704275,35.328125 143.725739,33.838231 145.672363,30.8583984 L145.672363,15.3378906 L152.320801,15.3378906 L152.320801,40 L145.672363,40 L145.672363,40 L145.672363,40 Z M158.003418,40 L166.471191,27.6240234 L158.362793,15.3378906 L165.932129,15.3378906 L171.23291,23.1542969 L176.309082,15.3378906 L181.699707,15.3378906 L173.973145,27.4443359 L182.26123,40 L174.691895,40 L169.166504,31.8466797 L163.506348,40 L158.003418,40 L158.003418,40 L158.003418,40 Z"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> 
          </a>
      </div>
      <div class="search">
          <ul class="search-list" id="result">
            <!-- <li><a href="#"><strong>find</strong> - 指定目录下查找文件。</a></li> -->
          </ul>
          <input type="text" class="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" autofocus="autofocus" placeholder="Linux 命令搜索"/>
          <div class="enter-input">
              <input type="hidden" id="current_path" value="/c/objdump.html">
              <button id="search_btn">搜索</button>
          </div>
      </div>
  </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/copy-to-clipboard.js"></script>

<div class="markdown-body">

<span class="edit_btn">
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/objdump.md">纠正错误</a> 
<span class="split"></span>
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/objdump.md">添加实例</a>
</span>


<dark-mode style="position: fixed; top: 8px; left: 10px; z-index: 999;;display: none;" dark="Dark" light="Light"></dark-mode><script>const t=document;const e="_dark_mode_theme_";const s="permanent";const o="colorschemechange";const i="permanentcolorscheme";const h="light";const r="dark";const n=(t,e,s=e)=>{Object.defineProperty(t,s,{enumerable:true,get(){const t=this.getAttribute(e);return t===null?"":t},set(t){this.setAttribute(e,t)}})};const c=(t,e,s=e)=>{Object.defineProperty(t,s,{enumerable:true,get(){return this.hasAttribute(e)},set(t){if(t){this.setAttribute(e,"")}else{this.removeAttribute(e)}}})};class a extends HTMLElement{static get observedAttributes(){return["mode",h,r,s]}LOCAL_NANE=e;constructor(){super();this.t()}connectedCallback(){n(this,"mode");n(this,r);n(this,h);c(this,s);const a=localStorage.getItem(e);if(a&&[h,r].includes(a)){this.mode=a;this.permanent=true}if(this.permanent&&!a){localStorage.setItem(e,this.mode)}const l=[h,r].includes(a);if(this.permanent&&a){this.o()}else{if(window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches){this.mode=r;this.o()}if(window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches){this.mode=h;this.o()}}if(!this.permanent&&!l){window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").onchange=t=>{this.mode=t.matches?h:r;this.o()};window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").onchange=t=>{this.mode=t.matches?r:h;this.o()}}const d=new MutationObserver(((s,h)=>{this.mode=t.documentElement.dataset.colorMode;if(this.permanent&&l){localStorage.setItem(e,this.mode);this.i(i,{permanent:this.permanent})}this.h();this.i(o,{colorScheme:this.mode})}));d.observe(t.documentElement,{attributes:true});this.i(o,{colorScheme:this.mode});this.h()}attributeChangedCallback(t,s,o){if(t==="mode"&&s!==o&&[h,r].includes(o)){const t=localStorage.getItem(e);if(this.mode===t){this.mode=o;this.h();this.o()}else if(this.mode&&this.mode!==t){this.h();this.o()}}else if((t===h||t===r)&&s!==o){this.h()}if(t==="permanent"&&typeof this.permanent==="boolean"){this.permanent?localStorage.setItem(e,this.mode):localStorage.removeItem(e)}}o(){t.documentElement.setAttribute("data-color-mode",this.mode)}h(){this.icon.textContent=this.mode===h?"🌒":"🌞";this.text.textContent=this.mode===h?this.getAttribute(r):this.getAttribute(h)}t(){var s=this.attachShadow({mode:"open"});this.label=t.createElement("span");this.label.setAttribute("class","wrapper");this.label.onclick=()=>{this.mode=this.mode===h?r:h;if(this.permanent){localStorage.setItem(e,this.mode)}this.o();this.h()};s.appendChild(this.label);this.icon=t.createElement("span");this.label.appendChild(this.icon);this.text=t.createElement("span");this.label.appendChild(this.text);const o=`
[data-color-mode*='dark'], [data-color-mode*='dark'] body {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --color-theme-bg: #0d1117;
  --color-theme-text: #c9d1d9;
  background-color: var(--color-theme-bg);
  color: var(--color-theme-text);
}

[data-color-mode*='light'], [data-color-mode*='light'] body {
  color-scheme: light;
  --color-theme-bg: #fff;
  --color-theme-text: #24292f;
  background-color: var(--color-theme-bg);
  color: var(--color-theme-text);
}`;const i="_dark_mode_style_";const n=t.getElementById(i);if(!n){var c=t.createElement("style");c.id=i;c.textContent=o;t.head.appendChild(c)}var a=t.createElement("style");a.textContent=`
    .wrapper { cursor: pointer; user-select: none; position: relative; }
    .wrapper > span + span { margin-left: .4rem; }
    `;s.appendChild(a)}i(t,e){this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(t,{bubbles:true,composed:true,detail:e}))}}customElements.define("dark-mode",a);</script><script>const __TEMPLATE__ = document.createElement('template');
__TEMPLATE__.innerHTML = `
<style>

markdown-style h1:hover a.anchor .octicon-link:before,
markdown-style h2:hover a.anchor .octicon-link:before,
markdown-style h3:hover a.anchor .octicon-link:before,
markdown-style h4:hover a.anchor .octicon-link:before,
markdown-style h5:hover a.anchor .octicon-link:before,
markdown-style h6:hover a.anchor .octicon-link:before {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  content: ' ';
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: currentColor;
  -webkit-mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg>");
  mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' version='1.1' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z'></path></svg>");
}
[data-color-mode*='light'], [data-color-mode*='light'] body, markdown-style[theme*='light'] { --color-prettylights-syntax-comment: #6e7781; --color-prettylights-syntax-constant: #0550ae; --color-prettylights-syntax-entity: #8250df; --color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import: #24292f; --color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag: #116329; --color-prettylights-syntax-keyword: #cf222e; --color-prettylights-syntax-string: #0a3069; --color-prettylights-syntax-variable: #953800; --color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched: #82071e; --color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text: #f6f8fa; --color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg: #82071e; --color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text: #f6f8fa; --color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg: #cf222e; --color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp: #116329; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list: #3b2300; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading: #0550ae; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic: #24292f; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold: #24292f; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text: #82071e; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg: #FFEBE9; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text: #116329; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg: #dafbe1; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text: #953800; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg: #ffd8b5; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text: #eaeef2; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg: #0550ae; --color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range: #8250df; --color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle: #57606a; --color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark: #8c959f; --color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link: #0a3069; --color-fg-default: #24292f; --color-fg-muted: #57606a; --color-fg-subtle: #6e7781; --color-canvas-default: #ffffff; --color-canvas-subtle: #f6f8fa; --color-border-default: #d0d7de; --color-border-muted: hsla(210,18%,87%,1); --color-neutral-muted: rgba(175,184,193,0.2); --color-accent-fg: #0969da; --color-accent-emphasis: #0969da; --color-attention-subtle: #fff8c5; --color-danger-fg: #cf222e; } [data-color-mode*='dark'], [data-color-mode*='dark'] body, markdown-style[theme*='dark'] { --color-prettylights-syntax-comment: #8b949e; --color-prettylights-syntax-constant: #79c0ff; --color-prettylights-syntax-entity: #d2a8ff; --color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import: #c9d1d9; --color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag: #7ee787; --color-prettylights-syntax-keyword: #ff7b72; --color-prettylights-syntax-string: #a5d6ff; --color-prettylights-syntax-variable: #ffa657; --color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched: #f85149; --color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text: #f0f6fc; --color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg: #8e1519; --color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text: #f0f6fc; --color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg: #b62324; --color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp: #7ee787; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list: #f2cc60; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading: #1f6feb; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic: #c9d1d9; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold: #c9d1d9; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text: #ffdcd7; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg: #67060c; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text: #aff5b4; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg: #033a16; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text: #ffdfb6; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg: #5a1e02; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text: #c9d1d9; --color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg: #1158c7; --color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range: #d2a8ff; --color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle: #8b949e; --color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark: #484f58; --color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link: #a5d6ff; --color-fg-default: #c9d1d9; --color-fg-muted: #8b949e; --color-fg-subtle: #484f58; --color-canvas-default: #0d1117; --color-canvas-subtle: #161b22; --color-border-default: #30363d; --color-border-muted: #21262d; --color-neutral-muted: rgba(110,118,129,0.4); --color-accent-fg: #58a6ff; --color-accent-emphasis: #1f6feb; --color-attention-subtle: rgba(187,128,9,0.15); --color-danger-fg: #f85149; } markdown-style { display: block; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; word-wrap: break-word; color: var(--color-fg-default); background-color: var(--color-canvas-default); } markdown-style details, markdown-style figcaption, markdown-style figure { display: block; } markdown-style summary { display: list-item; } markdown-style [hidden] { display: none !important; } markdown-style a { background-color: transparent; color: var(--color-accent-fg); text-decoration: none; } markdown-style a:active, markdown-style a:hover { outline-width: 0; } markdown-style abbr[title] { border-bottom: none; text-decoration: underline dotted; } markdown-style b, markdown-style strong { font-weight: 600; } markdown-style dfn { font-style: italic; } markdown-style h1 { margin: .67em 0; font-weight: 600; padding-bottom: .3em; font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-muted); } markdown-style mark { background-color: var(--color-attention-subtle); color: var(--color-text-primary); } markdown-style small { font-size: 90%; } markdown-style sub, markdown-style sup { font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; } markdown-style sub { bottom: -0.25em; } markdown-style sup { top: -0.5em; } markdown-style img { border-style: none; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; background-color: var(--color-canvas-default); } markdown-style code, markdown-style kbd, markdown-style pre, markdown-style samp { font-family: monospace,monospace; font-size: 1em; } markdown-style figure { margin: 1em 40px; } markdown-style hr { box-sizing: content-box; overflow: hidden; background: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-muted); height: .25em; padding: 0; margin: 24px 0; background-color: var(--color-border-default); border: 0; } markdown-style input { font: inherit; margin: 0; overflow: visible; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; } markdown-style [type=button], markdown-style [type=reset], markdown-style [type=submit] { -webkit-appearance: button; } markdown-style [type=button]::-moz-focus-inner, markdown-style [type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner, markdown-style [type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner { border-style: none; padding: 0; } markdown-style [type=button]:-moz-focusring, markdown-style [type=reset]:-moz-focusring, markdown-style [type=submit]:-moz-focusring { outline: 1px dotted ButtonText; } markdown-style [type=checkbox], markdown-style [type=radio] { box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0; } markdown-style [type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button, markdown-style [type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button { height: auto; } markdown-style [type=search] { -webkit-appearance: textfield; outline-offset: -2px; } markdown-style [type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, markdown-style [type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration { -webkit-appearance: none; } markdown-style ::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: inherit; opacity: .54; } markdown-style ::-webkit-file-upload-button { -webkit-appearance: button; font: inherit; } markdown-style a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } markdown-style hr::before { display: table; content: ""; } markdown-style hr::after { display: table; clear: both; content: ""; } markdown-style table { border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; display: block; width: max-content; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; } markdown-style td, markdown-style th { padding: 0; } markdown-style details summary { cursor: pointer; } markdown-style details:not([open])>*:not(summary) { display: none !important; } markdown-style kbd { display: inline-block; padding: 3px 5px; font: 11px ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace; line-height: 10px; color: var(--color-fg-default); vertical-align: middle; background-color: var(--color-canvas-subtle); border: solid 1px var(--color-neutral-muted); border-bottom-color: var(--color-neutral-muted); border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 var(--color-neutral-muted); } markdown-style h1, markdown-style h2, markdown-style h3, markdown-style h4, markdown-style h5, markdown-style h6 { margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; } markdown-style h2 { font-weight: 600; padding-bottom: .3em; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-muted); } markdown-style h3 { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.25em; } markdown-style h4 { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1em; } markdown-style h5 { font-weight: 600; font-size: .875em; } markdown-style h6 { font-weight: 600; font-size: .85em; color: var(--color-fg-muted); } markdown-style p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; } markdown-style blockquote { margin: 0; padding: 0 1em; color: var(--color-fg-muted); border-left: .25em solid var(--color-border-default); } markdown-style ul, markdown-style ol { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-left: 2em; } markdown-style ol ol, markdown-style ul ol { list-style-type: lower-roman; } markdown-style ul ul ol, markdown-style ul ol ol, markdown-style ol ul ol, markdown-style ol ol ol { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } markdown-style dd { margin-left: 0; } markdown-style tt, markdown-style code { font-family: ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace; font-size: 12px; } markdown-style pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; font-family: ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: normal; } markdown-style .octicon { display: inline-block; overflow: visible !important; vertical-align: text-bottom; fill: currentColor; } markdown-style ::placeholder { color: var(--color-fg-subtle); opacity: 1; } markdown-style input::-webkit-outer-spin-button, markdown-style input::-webkit-inner-spin-button { margin: 0; -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; }
markdown-style .token.comment, markdown-style .token.prolog, markdown-style .token.doctype, markdown-style .token.cdata { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment); } markdown-style .token.namespace { opacity: 0.7; } markdown-style .token.tag, markdown-style .token.selector, markdown-style .token.constant, markdown-style .token.symbol, markdown-style .token.deleted { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag); } markdown-style .token.maybe-class-name { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable); } markdown-style .token.property-access, markdown-style .token.operator, markdown-style .token.boolean, markdown-style .token.number, markdown-style .token.selector markdown-style .token.class, markdown-style .token.attr-name, markdown-style .token.string, markdown-style .token.char, markdown-style .token.builtin { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant); } markdown-style .token.deleted { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text); } markdown-style .token.property { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant); } markdown-style .token.punctuation { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold); } markdown-style .token.function { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity); } markdown-style .code-line .token.deleted { background-color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg); } markdown-style .token.inserted { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text); } markdown-style .code-line .token.inserted { background-color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg); } markdown-style .token.variable { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant); } markdown-style .token.entity, markdown-style .token.url, .language-css markdown-style .token.string, .style markdown-style .token.string { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string); } markdown-style .token.color, markdown-style .token.atrule, markdown-style .token.attr-value, markdown-style .token.function, markdown-style .token.class-name { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string); } markdown-style .token.rule, markdown-style .token.regex, markdown-style .token.important, markdown-style .token.keyword { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword); } markdown-style .token.coord { color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range); } markdown-style .token.important, markdown-style .token.bold { font-weight: bold; } markdown-style .token.italic { font-style: italic; } markdown-style .token.entity { cursor: help; }
markdown-style [data-catalyst] { display: block; } markdown-style g-emoji { font-family: "Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 1em; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1; vertical-align: -0.075em; } markdown-style g-emoji img { width: 1em; height: 1em; } markdown-style::before { display: table; content: ""; } markdown-style::after { display: table; clear: both; content: ""; } markdown-style>*:first-child { margin-top: 0 !important; } markdown-style>*:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important; } markdown-style a:not([href]) { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } markdown-style .absent { color: var(--color-danger-fg); } markdown-style a.anchor { float: left; padding-right: 4px; margin-left: -20px; line-height: 1; } markdown-style a.anchor:focus { outline: none; } markdown-style p, markdown-style blockquote, markdown-style ul, markdown-style ol, markdown-style dl, markdown-style table, markdown-style pre, markdown-style details { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 16px; } markdown-style blockquote>:first-child { margin-top: 0; } markdown-style blockquote>:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } markdown-style sup>a::before { content: "["; } markdown-style sup>a::after { content: "]"; }
markdown-style .octicon-video { border: 1px solid #d0d7de !important; border-radius: 6px !important; display: block; } markdown-style .octicon-video summary { border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de !important; padding: 8px 16px !important; cursor: pointer; } markdown-style .octicon-video > video { display: block !important; max-width: 100% !important; padding: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 6px !important; } markdown-style details.octicon-video:not([open])>*:not(summary) { display: none !important; } markdown-style details.octicon-video:not([open]) > summary { border-bottom: 0 !important; } markdown-style h1 .octicon-link, markdown-style h2 .octicon-link, markdown-style h3 .octicon-link, markdown-style h4 .octicon-link, markdown-style h5 .octicon-link, markdown-style h6 .octicon-link { color: var(--color-fg-default); vertical-align: middle; visibility: hidden; } markdown-style h1:hover .anchor, markdown-style h2:hover .anchor, markdown-style h3:hover .anchor, markdown-style h4:hover .anchor, markdown-style h5:hover .anchor, markdown-style h6:hover .anchor { text-decoration: none; } markdown-style h1:hover .anchor .octicon-link, markdown-style h2:hover .anchor .octicon-link, markdown-style h3:hover .anchor .octicon-link, markdown-style h4:hover .anchor .octicon-link, markdown-style h5:hover .anchor .octicon-link, markdown-style h6:hover .anchor .octicon-link { visibility: visible; } markdown-style h1 tt, markdown-style h1 code, markdown-style h2 tt, markdown-style h2 code, markdown-style h3 tt, markdown-style h3 code, markdown-style h4 tt, markdown-style h4 code, markdown-style h5 tt, markdown-style h5 code, markdown-style h6 tt, markdown-style h6 code { padding: 0 .2em; font-size: inherit; } markdown-style ul.no-list, markdown-style ol.no-list { padding: 0; list-style-type: none; } markdown-style ol[type="1"] { list-style-type: decimal; } markdown-style ol[type=a] { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } markdown-style ol[type=i] { list-style-type: lower-roman; } markdown-style div>ol:not([type]) { list-style-type: decimal; } markdown-style ul ul, markdown-style ul ol, markdown-style ol ol, markdown-style ol ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } markdown-style li>p { margin-top: 16px; } markdown-style li+li { margin-top: .25em; } markdown-style dl { padding: 0; } markdown-style dl dt { padding: 0; margin-top: 16px; font-size: 1em; font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; } markdown-style dl dd { padding: 0 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; } markdown-style table th { font-weight: 600; } markdown-style table th, markdown-style table td { padding: 6px 13px; border: 1px solid var(--color-border-default); } markdown-style table tr { background-color: var(--color-canvas-default); border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-muted); } markdown-style table tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: var(--color-canvas-subtle); } markdown-style table img { background-color: transparent; vertical-align: middle; } markdown-style img[align=right] { padding-left: 20px; } markdown-style img[align=left] { padding-right: 20px; } markdown-style .emoji { max-width: none; vertical-align: text-top; background-color: transparent; } markdown-style span.frame { display: block; overflow: hidden; } markdown-style span.frame>span { display: block; float: left; width: auto; padding: 7px; margin: 13px 0 0; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--color-border-default); } markdown-style span.frame span img { display: block; float: left; } markdown-style span.frame span span { display: block; padding: 5px 0 0; clear: both; color: var(--color-fg-default); } markdown-style span.align-center { display: block; overflow: hidden; clear: both; } markdown-style span.align-center>span { display: block; margin: 13px auto 0; overflow: hidden; text-align: center; } markdown-style span.align-center span img { margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } markdown-style span.align-right { display: block; overflow: hidden; clear: both; } markdown-style span.align-right>span { display: block; margin: 13px 0 0; overflow: hidden; text-align: right; } markdown-style span.align-right span img { margin: 0; text-align: right; } markdown-style span.float-left { display: block; float: left; margin-right: 13px; overflow: hidden; } markdown-style span.float-left span { margin: 13px 0 0; } markdown-style span.float-right { display: block; float: right; margin-left: 13px; overflow: hidden; } markdown-style span.float-right>span { display: block; margin: 13px auto 0; overflow: hidden; text-align: right; } markdown-style code, markdown-style tt { padding: .2em .4em; margin: 0; font-size: 85%; background-color: var(--color-neutral-muted); border-radius: 6px; } markdown-style code br, markdown-style tt br { display: none; } markdown-style del code { text-decoration: inherit; } markdown-style pre code { font-size: 100%; } markdown-style pre>code { padding: 0; margin: 0; word-break: normal; white-space: pre; background: transparent; border: 0; } markdown-style pre { position: relative; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.45; background-color: var(--color-canvas-subtle); border-radius: 6px; } markdown-style pre code, markdown-style pre tt { display: inline; max-width: auto; padding: 0; margin: 0; overflow: visible; line-height: inherit; word-wrap: normal; background-color: transparent; border: 0; } markdown-style pre > code { padding: 16px; overflow: auto; display: block; } markdown-style .csv-data td, markdown-style .csv-data th { padding: 5px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; } markdown-style .csv-data .blob-num { padding: 10px 8px 9px; text-align: right; background: var(--color-canvas-default); border: 0; } markdown-style .csv-data tr { border-top: 0; } markdown-style .csv-data th { font-weight: 600; background: var(--color-canvas-subtle); border-top: 0; } markdown-style .footnotes { font-size: 12px; color: var(--color-fg-muted); border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-default); } markdown-style .footnotes ol { padding-left: 16px; } markdown-style .footnotes li { position: relative; } markdown-style .footnotes li:target::before { position: absolute; top: -8px; right: -8px; bottom: -8px; left: -24px; pointer-events: none; content: ""; border: 2px solid var(--color-accent-emphasis); border-radius: 6px; } markdown-style .footnotes li:target { color: var(--color-fg-default); } markdown-style .footnotes .data-footnote-backref g-emoji { font-family: monospace; } markdown-style .task-list-item { list-style-type: none; } markdown-style .task-list-item label { font-weight: 400; } markdown-style .task-list-item.enabled label { cursor: pointer; } markdown-style .task-list-item+.task-list-item { margin-top: 3px; } markdown-style .task-list-item .handle { display: none; } markdown-style .task-list-item-checkbox, markdown-style input[type="checkbox"] { margin: 0 .2em .25em -1.6em; vertical-align: middle; } markdown-style .contains-task-list:dir(rtl) .task-list-item-checkbox, markdown-style .contains-task-list:dir(rtl) input[type="checkbox"] { margin: 0 -1.6em .25em .2em; } markdown-style ::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator { filter: invert(50%); }
</style>
<slot></slot>
`;
class MarkdownStyle extends HTMLElement {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
        this.shadow.appendChild(__TEMPLATE__.content.cloneNode(true));
        const style = Array.prototype.slice
            .call(this.shadow.children)
            .find((item) => item.tagName === 'STYLE');
        if (style) {
            const id = '__MARKDOWN_STYLE__';
            const findStyle = document.getElementById(id);
            if (!findStyle) {
                style.id = id;
                document.head.append(style);
            }
        }
    }
    get theme() {
        const value = this.getAttribute('theme');
        return value === null ? '' : value;
    }
    set theme(name) {
        this.setAttribute('theme', name);
    }
    connectedCallback() {
        if (!this.theme) {
            const { colorMode } = document.documentElement.dataset;
            this.theme = colorMode;
            const observer = new MutationObserver((mutationsList, observer) => {
                this.theme = document.documentElement.dataset.colorMode;
            });
            observer.observe(document.documentElement, { attributes: true });
            window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').onchange = (event) => {
                this.theme = event.matches ? 'light' : 'dark';
            };
            window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').onchange = (event) => {
                this.theme = event.matches ? 'dark' : 'light';
            };
        }
    }
}
customElements.define('markdown-style', MarkdownStyle);</script><markdown-style style="max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto 60px auto; padding: 8px;" class="markdown-style">
<h1 id="objdump"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#objdump"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>objdump</h1>
<p>显示二进制文件信息</p>
<h2 id="补充说明"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#补充说明"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>补充说明</h2>
<p><strong>objdump命令</strong> 是用查看目标文件或者可执行的目标文件的构成的gcc工具。</p>
<h3 id="选项"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>选项</h3>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token parameter variable">-a</span> --archive-headers 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token comment"># 显示档案库的成员信息,类似ls -l将lib*.a的信息列出。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> bfdname <span class="token parameter variable">--target</span><span class="token operator">=</span>bfdname 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token comment"># 指定目标码格式。这不是必须的，objdump能自动识别许多格式，比如： </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">objdump <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> oasys <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> vax <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> fu.o 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8"><span class="token comment"># 显示fu.o的头部摘要信息，明确指出该文件是Vax系统下用Oasys编译器生成的目标文件。objdump -i将给出这里可以指定的目标码格式列表。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10"><span class="token parameter variable">-C</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--demangle</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11"><span class="token comment"># 将底层的符号名解码成用户级名字，除了去掉所开头的下划线之外，还使得C++函数名以可理解的方式显示出来。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12"><span class="token parameter variable">--debugging</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token parameter variable">-g</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"><span class="token comment"># 显示调试信息。企图解析保存在文件中的调试信息并以C语言的语法显示出来。仅仅支持某些类型的调试信息。有些其他的格式被readelf -w支持。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16"><span class="token parameter variable">-e</span> --debugging-tags 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17"><span class="token comment"># 类似-g选项，但是生成的信息是和ctags工具相兼容的格式。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18"><span class="token parameter variable">--disassemble</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19"><span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20"><span class="token comment"># 从objfile中反汇编那些特定指令机器码的section。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22"><span class="token parameter variable">-D</span> --disassemble-all 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23"><span class="token comment"># 与 -d 类似，但反汇编所有section. </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25">--prefix-addresses 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26"><span class="token comment"># 反汇编的时候，显示每一行的完整地址。这是一种比较老的反汇编格式。 </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28"><span class="token parameter variable">-EB</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29"><span class="token parameter variable">-EL</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="30"><span class="token parameter variable">--endian</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>big<span class="token operator">|</span>little<span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="31"><span class="token comment"># 指定目标文件的小端。这个项将影响反汇编出来的指令。在反汇编的文件没描述小端信息的时候用。例如S-records. </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="32">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="33"><span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="34">--file-headers 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="35">显示objfile中每个文件的整体头部摘要信息。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="36">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="37"><span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="38">--section-headers 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="39"><span class="token parameter variable">--headers</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="40">显示目标文件各个section的头部摘要信息。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="41">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="42"><span class="token parameter variable">-H</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="43"><span class="token parameter variable">--help</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="44">简短的帮助信息。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="45">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="46"><span class="token parameter variable">-i</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="47"><span class="token parameter variable">--info</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="48">显示对于 <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> 或者 <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> 选项可用的架构和目标格式列表。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="49">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="50"><span class="token parameter variable">-j</span> name
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="51"><span class="token parameter variable">--section</span><span class="token operator">=</span>name 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="52">仅仅显示指定名称为name的section的信息 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="53">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="54"><span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="55">--line-numbers 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="56">用文件名和行号标注相应的目标代码，仅仅和-d、-D或者-r一起使用使用-ld和使用-d的区别不是很大，在源码级调试的时候有用，要求编译时使用了-g之类的调试编译选项。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="57">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="58"><span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> machine 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="59"><span class="token parameter variable">--architecture</span><span class="token operator">=</span>machine 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="60">指定反汇编目标文件时使用的架构，当待反汇编文件本身没描述架构信息的时候<span class="token punctuation">(</span>比如S-records<span class="token punctuation">)</span>，这个选项很有用。可以用-i选项列出这里能够指定的架构. 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="61">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="62"><span class="token parameter variable">--reloc</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="63"><span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="64">显示文件的重定位入口。如果和-d或者-D一起使用，重定位部分以反汇编后的格式显示出来。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="65">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="66">--dynamic-reloc 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="67"><span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="68">显示文件的动态重定位入口，仅仅对于动态目标文件意义，比如某些共享库。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="69">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="70"><span class="token parameter variable">-s</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="71">--full-contents 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="72">显示指定section的完整内容。默认所有的非空section都会被显示。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="73">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="74"><span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="75"><span class="token parameter variable">--source</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="76">尽可能反汇编出源代码，尤其当编译的时候指定了-g这种调试参数时，效果比较明显。隐含了-d参数。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="77">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="78">--show-raw-insn 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="79">反汇编的时候，显示每条汇编指令对应的机器码，如不指定--prefix-addresses，这将是缺省选项。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="80">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="81">--no-show-raw-insn 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="82">反汇编时，不显示汇编指令的机器码，如不指定--prefix-addresses，这将是缺省选项。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="83">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="84">--start-address<span class="token operator">=</span>address 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="85">从指定地址开始显示数据，该选项影响-d、-r和-s选项的输出。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="86">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="87">--stop-address<span class="token operator">=</span>address 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="88">显示数据直到指定地址为止，该项影响-d、-r和-s选项的输出。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="89">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="90"><span class="token parameter variable">-t</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="91"><span class="token parameter variable">--syms</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="92">显示文件的符号表入口。类似于nm -s提供的信息 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="93">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="94"><span class="token parameter variable">-T</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="95">--dynamic-syms 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="96">显示文件的动态符号表入口，仅仅对动态目标文件意义，比如某些共享库。它显示的信息类似于 nm -D<span class="token operator">|</span>--dynamic 显示的信息。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="97">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="98"><span class="token parameter variable">-V</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="99"><span class="token parameter variable">--version</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="100">版本信息 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="101">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="102">--all-headers 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="103"><span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="104">显示所可用的头信息，包括符号表、重定位入口。-x 等价于-a <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-t</span> 同时指定。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="105">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="106"><span class="token parameter variable">-z</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="107">--disassemble-zeroes 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="108">一般反汇编输出将省略大块的零，该选项使得这些零块也被反汇编。 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="109">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="110">@file 可以将选项集中到一个文件中，然后使用这个@file选项载入。
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="-a --archive-headers 
# 显示档案库的成员信息,类似ls -l将lib*.a的信息列出。 

-b bfdname --target=bfdname 
# 指定目标码格式。这不是必须的，objdump能自动识别许多格式，比如： 

objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o 
# 显示fu.o的头部摘要信息，明确指出该文件是Vax系统下用Oasys编译器生成的目标文件。objdump -i将给出这里可以指定的目标码格式列表。 

-C --demangle 
# 将底层的符号名解码成用户级名字，除了去掉所开头的下划线之外，还使得C++函数名以可理解的方式显示出来。 
--debugging 
-g 
# 显示调试信息。企图解析保存在文件中的调试信息并以C语言的语法显示出来。仅仅支持某些类型的调试信息。有些其他的格式被readelf -w支持。 

-e --debugging-tags 
# 类似-g选项，但是生成的信息是和ctags工具相兼容的格式。 
--disassemble 
-d 
# 从objfile中反汇编那些特定指令机器码的section。 

-D --disassemble-all 
# 与 -d 类似，但反汇编所有section. 

--prefix-addresses 
# 反汇编的时候，显示每一行的完整地址。这是一种比较老的反汇编格式。 

-EB 
-EL 
--endian={big|little} 
# 指定目标文件的小端。这个项将影响反汇编出来的指令。在反汇编的文件没描述小端信息的时候用。例如S-records. 

-f 
--file-headers 
显示objfile中每个文件的整体头部摘要信息。 

-h 
--section-headers 
--headers 
显示目标文件各个section的头部摘要信息。 

-H 
--help 
简短的帮助信息。 

-i 
--info 
显示对于 -b 或者 -m 选项可用的架构和目标格式列表。 

-j name
--section=name 
仅仅显示指定名称为name的section的信息 

-l
--line-numbers 
用文件名和行号标注相应的目标代码，仅仅和-d、-D或者-r一起使用使用-ld和使用-d的区别不是很大，在源码级调试的时候有用，要求编译时使用了-g之类的调试编译选项。 

-m machine 
--architecture=machine 
指定反汇编目标文件时使用的架构，当待反汇编文件本身没描述架构信息的时候(比如S-records)，这个选项很有用。可以用-i选项列出这里能够指定的架构. 

--reloc 
-r 
显示文件的重定位入口。如果和-d或者-D一起使用，重定位部分以反汇编后的格式显示出来。 

--dynamic-reloc 
-R 
显示文件的动态重定位入口，仅仅对于动态目标文件意义，比如某些共享库。 

-s 
--full-contents 
显示指定section的完整内容。默认所有的非空section都会被显示。 

-S 
--source 
尽可能反汇编出源代码，尤其当编译的时候指定了-g这种调试参数时，效果比较明显。隐含了-d参数。 

--show-raw-insn 
反汇编的时候，显示每条汇编指令对应的机器码，如不指定--prefix-addresses，这将是缺省选项。 

--no-show-raw-insn 
反汇编时，不显示汇编指令的机器码，如不指定--prefix-addresses，这将是缺省选项。 

--start-address=address 
从指定地址开始显示数据，该选项影响-d、-r和-s选项的输出。 

--stop-address=address 
显示数据直到指定地址为止，该项影响-d、-r和-s选项的输出。 

-t 
--syms 
显示文件的符号表入口。类似于nm -s提供的信息 

-T 
--dynamic-syms 
显示文件的动态符号表入口，仅仅对动态目标文件意义，比如某些共享库。它显示的信息类似于 nm -D|--dynamic 显示的信息。 

-V 
--version 
版本信息 

--all-headers 
-x 
显示所可用的头信息，包括符号表、重定位入口。-x 等价于-a -f -h -r -t 同时指定。 

-z 
--disassemble-zeroes 
一般反汇编输出将省略大块的零，该选项使得这些零块也被反汇编。 

@file 可以将选项集中到一个文件中，然后使用这个@file选项载入。
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<h3 id="实例"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#实例"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>实例</h3>
<p>首先，在给出后面大部分测试所基于的源代码以及编译指令。 源代码如下： </p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">root@localhost <span class="token punctuation">[</span>test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># nl mytest.cpp </span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="root@localhost [test]# nl mytest.cpp 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">void <span class="token function-name function">printTest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">    char a<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">    a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">void <span class="token function-name function">printTest2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">int a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8"><span class="token assign-left variable">a</span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="void printTest() {
    char a;
    a = &#x27;a&#x27;;
}

void printTest2() {
int a = 2;
a+=2;
} 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>对以上源代码进行编译，如下： </p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># g++ -c -g mytest.cpp </span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# g++ -c -g mytest.cpp 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，生成的文件是mytest.o，为了方便测试包含了调试的信息，对可执行文件的测试，显示的结果类似。 </p>
<p>**查看当前使用的objdump的版本号： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -V </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">GNU objdump <span class="token number">2.17</span>.50.0.6-14.el5 <span class="token number">20061020</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Copyright <span class="token number">2005</span> <span class="token function">free</span> Software Foundation, Inc. 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">This program is <span class="token function">free</span> software<span class="token punctuation">;</span> you may redistribute it under the terms of 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">the GNU General Public License.  This program has absolutely no warranty. 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -V 
GNU objdump 2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 20061020 
Copyright 2005 free Software Foundation, Inc. 
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of 
the GNU General Public License.  This program has absolutely no warranty. 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>**查看档案库文件中的信息： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -a libmy2.a </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">In archive libmy2.a: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">myfile.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">rwxrwxrwx <span class="token number">0</span>/0   <span class="token number">2724</span> Nov <span class="token number">16</span> <span class="token number">16</span>:06 <span class="token number">2009</span> myfile.o 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">rw-r--r-- <span class="token number">0</span>/0    <span class="token number">727</span> Jul <span class="token number">13</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:32 <span class="token number">2011</span> mytest.o 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -a libmy2.a 
In archive libmy2.a: 
myfile.o:     file format elf32-i386 
rwxrwxrwx 0/0   2724 Nov 16 16:06 2009 myfile.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 
rw-r--r-- 0/0    727 Jul 13 15:32 2011 mytest.o 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>*<em>这里，libmy2.a是一个使用ar命令将多个</em>.o目标文件打包而生成的静态库。命令的输出类似<code>ar -tv</code>，相比较<code>ar -tv</code>输出如下： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ar -tv libmy2.a </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">rwxrwxrwx <span class="token number">0</span>/0   <span class="token number">2724</span> Nov <span class="token number">16</span> <span class="token number">16</span>:06 <span class="token number">2009</span> myfile.o 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">rw-r--r-- <span class="token number">0</span>/0    <span class="token number">727</span> Jul <span class="token number">13</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:32 <span class="token number">2011</span> mytest.o 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# ar -tv libmy2.a 
rwxrwxrwx 0/0   2724 Nov 16 16:06 2009 myfile.o 
rw-r--r-- 0/0    727 Jul 13 15:32 2011 mytest.o 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>显示可用的架构和目标结构列表： </p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -i </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">BFD header <span class="token function">file</span> version <span class="token number">2.17</span>.50.0.6-14.el5 <span class="token number">20061020</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header little endian, data little endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">a.out-i386-linux 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header little endian, data little endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">efi-app-ia32 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header little endian, data little endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">elf64-x86-64 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header little endian, data little endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">elf64-little 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header little endian, data little endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">elf64-big 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header big endian, data big endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">elf32-little 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header little endian, data little endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24">elf32-big 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header big endian, data big endian<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27">srec 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="30">symbolsrec 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="31"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="32">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="33">tekhex 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="34"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="35">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="36">binary 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="37"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="38">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="39">ihex 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="40"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="41">  i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="42">trad-core 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="43"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="44">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="45">              elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux efi-app-ia32 elf64-x86-64 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="46">          i386 elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux efi-app-ia32 elf64-x86-64 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="47">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="48">              elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big srec symbolsrec 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="49">          i386 elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big srec symbolsrec 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="50">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="51">              tekhex binary ihex trad-core 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="52">          i386 tekhex binary ihex --------- 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -i 
BFD header file version 2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 20061020 
elf32-i386 
(header little endian, data little endian) 
  i386 
a.out-i386-linux 
(header little endian, data little endian) 
  i386 
efi-app-ia32 
(header little endian, data little endian) 
  i386 
elf64-x86-64 
(header little endian, data little endian) 
  i386 
elf64-little 
(header little endian, data little endian) 
  i386 
elf64-big 
(header big endian, data big endian) 
  i386 
elf32-little 
(header little endian, data little endian) 
  i386 
elf32-big 
(header big endian, data big endian) 
  i386 
srec 
(header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown) 
  i386 
symbolsrec 
(header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown) 
  i386 
tekhex 
(header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown) 
  i386 
binary 
(header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown) 
  i386 
ihex 
(header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown) 
  i386 
trad-core 
(header endianness unknown, data endianness unknown) 

              elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux efi-app-ia32 elf64-x86-64 
          i386 elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux efi-app-ia32 elf64-x86-64 

              elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big srec symbolsrec 
          i386 elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big srec symbolsrec 

              tekhex binary ihex trad-core 
          i386 tekhex binary ihex --------- 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，显示的信息是相对于 -b 或者 -m 选项可用的架构和目标格式列表。 </p>
<p>**显示mytest.o文件中的text段的内容： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump --section=.text -s mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Contents of section .text: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">0000 5589e583 ec10c645 ff61c9c3 5589e583  U<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>E.a<span class="token punctuation">..</span>U<span class="token punctuation">..</span>. 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">0010 ec10c745 fc020000 008345fc 02c9c3    <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.E<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>E<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span> 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump --section=.text -s mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 
Contents of section .text: 
0000 5589e583 ec10c645 ff61c9c3 5589e583  U......E.a..U... 
0010 ec10c745 fc020000 008345fc 02c9c3    ...E......E.... 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里注意，不能单独使用-j或者--section，例如<code>objdump --section=.text mytest.o</code>是不会运行成功的。 </p>
<p>**反汇编mytest.o中的text段内容，并尽可能用源代码形式表示： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -j .text -S mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Disassembly of section .text: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">00000000 <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z9printTestv<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">void printTest<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">   <span class="token number">0</span>:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">   <span class="token number">1</span>:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">   <span class="token number">3</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">        char a<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">        a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">   <span class="token number">6</span>:   c6 <span class="token number">45</span> ff <span class="token number">61</span>             movb   <span class="token variable">$0x61</span>,0xffffffff<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">   a:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">   b:   c3                      ret    
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">000000c <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z10printTest2v<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">void printTest2<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">   c:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">   d:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">   f:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23">        int a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24">  <span class="token number">12</span>:   c7 <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02 00 00 00    movl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25">        <span class="token assign-left variable">a</span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26">  <span class="token number">19</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02             addl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28">  1d:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29">  1e:   c3                      ret    
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -j .text -S mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 
Disassembly of section .text: 
00000000 <_Z9printTestv>: 
void printTest() 
   0:   55                      push   %ebp 
   1:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   3:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
{ 
        char a; 
        a = &#x27;a&#x27;; 
   6:   c6 45 ff 61             movb   $0x61,0xffffffff(%ebp) 
} 
   a:   c9                      leave  
   b:   c3                      ret    

000000c <_Z10printTest2v>: 
void printTest2() 
   c:   55                      push   %ebp 
   d:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   f:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
{ 
        int a = 2; 
  12:   c7 45 fc 02 00 00 00    movl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
        a+=2; 
  19:   83 45 fc 02             addl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
} 
  1d:   c9                      leave  
  1e:   c3                      ret    
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里注意，不能单独使用-j或者--section，例如<code>objdump -j .text mytest.o是不会运行成功的</code>。另外-S命令对于包含调试信息的目标文件，显示的效果比较好，如果编译时没有指定g++的-g选项，那么目标文件就不包含调试信息，那么显示效果就差多了。 </p>
<p>**反汇编出mytest.o的源代码: **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -S mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">Disassembly of section .text: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">00000000 <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z9printTestv<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">void printTest<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">   <span class="token number">0</span>:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">   <span class="token number">1</span>:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">   <span class="token number">3</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">        char a<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">        a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">   <span class="token number">6</span>:   c6 <span class="token number">45</span> ff <span class="token number">61</span>             movb   <span class="token variable">$0x61</span>,0xffffffff<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">   a:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">   b:   c3                      ret    
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">0000000c <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z10printTest2v<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">void printTest2<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">   c:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22">   d:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23">   f:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25">       int a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26">  <span class="token number">12</span>:   c7 <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02 00 00 00    movl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27">        <span class="token assign-left variable">a</span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28">  <span class="token number">19</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02             addl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="30">  1d:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="31">  1e:   c3                      ret    
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -S mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 

Disassembly of section .text: 

00000000 <_Z9printTestv>: 
void printTest() 
   0:   55                      push   %ebp 
   1:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   3:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
{ 
        char a; 
        a = &#x27;a&#x27;; 
   6:   c6 45 ff 61             movb   $0x61,0xffffffff(%ebp) 
} 
   a:   c9                      leave  
   b:   c3                      ret    

0000000c <_Z10printTest2v>: 
void printTest2() 
   c:   55                      push   %ebp 
   d:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   f:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
{ 
       int a = 2; 
  12:   c7 45 fc 02 00 00 00    movl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
        a+=2; 
  19:   83 45 fc 02             addl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
} 
  1d:   c9                      leave  
  1e:   c3                      ret    
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，尤其当编译的时候指定了-g这种调试参数时，反汇编的效果比较明显。隐含了-d参数。 </p>
<p>**显示文件的符号表入口: **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -t mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">SYMBOL TABLE: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">00000000 l    <span class="token function">df</span> *ABS*  00000000 mytest.cpp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">00000000 l    d  .text  00000000 .text 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">00000000 l    d  .data  00000000 .data 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">00000000 l    d  .bss   00000000 .bss 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">00000000 l    d  .debug_abbrev  00000000 .debug_abbrev 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">00000000 l    d  .debug_info    00000000 .debug_info 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">00000000 l    d  .debug_line    00000000 .debug_line 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">00000000 l    d  .debug_frame   00000000 .debug_frame 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">00000000 l    d  .debug_loc     00000000 .debug_loc 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">00000000 l    d  .debug_pubnames        00000000 .debug_pubnames 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">00000000 l    d  .debug_aranges 00000000 .debug_aranges 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">00000000 l    d  .note.GNU-stack        00000000 .note.GNU-stack 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">00000000 l    d  .comment       00000000 .comment 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">00000000 g     F .text  0000000c _Z9printTestv 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">00000000         *UND*  00000000 __gxx_personality_v0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">0000000c g     F .text  00000013 _Z10printTest2v 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -t mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 

SYMBOL TABLE: 
00000000 l    df *ABS*  00000000 mytest.cpp 
00000000 l    d  .text  00000000 .text 
00000000 l    d  .data  00000000 .data 
00000000 l    d  .bss   00000000 .bss 
00000000 l    d  .debug_abbrev  00000000 .debug_abbrev 
00000000 l    d  .debug_info    00000000 .debug_info 
00000000 l    d  .debug_line    00000000 .debug_line 
00000000 l    d  .debug_frame   00000000 .debug_frame 
00000000 l    d  .debug_loc     00000000 .debug_loc 
00000000 l    d  .debug_pubnames        00000000 .debug_pubnames 
00000000 l    d  .debug_aranges 00000000 .debug_aranges 
00000000 l    d  .note.GNU-stack        00000000 .note.GNU-stack 
00000000 l    d  .comment       00000000 .comment 
00000000 g     F .text  0000000c _Z9printTestv 
00000000         *UND*  00000000 __gxx_personality_v0 
0000000c g     F .text  00000013 _Z10printTest2v 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，输出的信息类似<code>nm -s</code>命令的输出，相比较之下，nm命令的输出如下： </p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># nm -s mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">0000000c T _Z10printTest2v 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">00000000 T _Z9printTestv 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">         U __gxx_personality_v0 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# nm -s mytest.o 
0000000c T _Z10printTest2v 
00000000 T _Z9printTestv 
         U __gxx_personality_v0 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>**显示文件的符号表入口，将底层符号解码并表示成用户级别: **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -t -C mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">SYMBOL TABLE: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">00000000 l    <span class="token function">df</span> *ABS*  00000000 mytest.cpp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">00000000 l    d  .text  00000000 .text 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">00000000 l    d  .data  00000000 .data 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">00000000 l    d  .bss   00000000 .bss 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">00000000 l    d  .debug_abbrev  00000000 .debug_abbrev 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">00000000 l    d  .debug_info    00000000 .debug_info 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">00000000 l    d  .debug_line    00000000 .debug_line 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">00000000 l    d  .debug_frame   00000000 .debug_frame 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">00000000 l    d  .debug_loc     00000000 .debug_loc 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">00000000 l    d  .debug_pubnames        00000000 .debug_pubnames 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">00000000 l    d  .debug_aranges 00000000 .debug_aranges 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">00000000 l    d  .note.GNU-stack        00000000 .note.GNU-stack 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">00000000 l    d  .comment       00000000 .comment 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">00000000 g     F .text  0000000c printTest<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">00000000         *UND*  00000000 __gxx_personality_v0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">0000000c g     F .text  00000013 printTest2<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -t -C mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 
SYMBOL TABLE: 
00000000 l    df *ABS*  00000000 mytest.cpp 
00000000 l    d  .text  00000000 .text 
00000000 l    d  .data  00000000 .data 
00000000 l    d  .bss   00000000 .bss 
00000000 l    d  .debug_abbrev  00000000 .debug_abbrev 
00000000 l    d  .debug_info    00000000 .debug_info 
00000000 l    d  .debug_line    00000000 .debug_line 
00000000 l    d  .debug_frame   00000000 .debug_frame 
00000000 l    d  .debug_loc     00000000 .debug_loc 
00000000 l    d  .debug_pubnames        00000000 .debug_pubnames 
00000000 l    d  .debug_aranges 00000000 .debug_aranges 
00000000 l    d  .note.GNU-stack        00000000 .note.GNU-stack 
00000000 l    d  .comment       00000000 .comment 
00000000 g     F .text  0000000c printTest() 
00000000         *UND*  00000000 __gxx_personality_v0 
0000000c g     F .text  00000013 printTest2() 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，和没-C相比，printTest2函数可读性增加了。 </p>
<p>**反汇编目标文件的特定机器码段： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -d mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Disassembly of section .text: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">00000000 <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z9printTestv<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">   <span class="token number">0</span>:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">   <span class="token number">1</span>:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">   <span class="token number">3</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">   <span class="token number">6</span>:   c6 <span class="token number">45</span> ff <span class="token number">61</span>             movb   <span class="token variable">$0x61</span>,0xffffffff<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">   a:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">  b:   c3                      ret    
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">0000000c <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z10printTest2v<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">   c:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">   d:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">   f:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">  <span class="token number">12</span>:   c7 <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02 00 00 00    movl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">  <span class="token number">19</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02             addl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">  1d:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">  1e:   c3                      ret    
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -d mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 
Disassembly of section .text: 

00000000 <_Z9printTestv>: 
   0:   55                      push   %ebp 
   1:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   3:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
   6:   c6 45 ff 61             movb   $0x61,0xffffffff(%ebp) 
   a:   c9                      leave  
  b:   c3                      ret    

0000000c <_Z10printTest2v>: 
   c:   55                      push   %ebp 
   d:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   f:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
  12:   c7 45 fc 02 00 00 00    movl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
  19:   83 45 fc 02             addl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
  1d:   c9                      leave  
  1e:   c3                      ret    
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，对text段的内容进行了反汇编。 </p>
<p>**反汇编特定段，并将汇编代码对应的文件名称和行号对应上： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -d -l mytest.o</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Disassembly of section .text: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">00000000 <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z9printTestv<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">_Z9printTestv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:1 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">   <span class="token number">0</span>:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">   <span class="token number">1</span>:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">   <span class="token number">3</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:4 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">   <span class="token number">6</span>:   c6 <span class="token number">45</span> ff <span class="token number">61</span>             movb   <span class="token variable">$0x61</span>,0xffffffff<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:5 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">   a:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">   b:   c3                      ret    
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">0000000c <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>_Z10printTest2v<span class="token operator">></span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">_Z10printTest2v<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:6 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">   c:   <span class="token number">55</span>                      push   %ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">   d:   <span class="token number">89</span> e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22">   f:   <span class="token number">83</span> ec <span class="token number">10</span>                sub    <span class="token variable">$0x10</span>,%esp 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:8 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24">  <span class="token number">12</span>:   c7 <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02 00 00 00    movl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:9 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26">  <span class="token number">19</span>:   <span class="token number">83</span> <span class="token number">45</span> fc 02             addl   <span class="token variable">$0x2</span>,0xfffffffc<span class="token punctuation">(</span>%ebp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27">/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:10 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28">  1d:   c9                      leave  
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29">  1e:   c3                      ret    
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -d -l mytest.o
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 
Disassembly of section .text: 

00000000 <_Z9printTestv>: 
_Z9printTestv(): 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:1 
   0:   55                      push   %ebp 
   1:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   3:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:4 
   6:   c6 45 ff 61             movb   $0x61,0xffffffff(%ebp) 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:5 
   a:   c9                      leave  
   b:   c3                      ret    

0000000c <_Z10printTest2v>: 
_Z10printTest2v(): 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:6 
   c:   55                      push   %ebp 
   d:   89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
   f:   83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:8 
  12:   c7 45 fc 02 00 00 00    movl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:9 
  19:   83 45 fc 02             addl   $0x2,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 
/root/test/04_libraryTest/mytest.cpp:10 
  1d:   c9                      leave  
  1e:   c3                      ret    
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，项"-d"从objfile中反汇编那些特定指令机器码的section，而使用"-l"指定用文件名和行号标注相应的目标代码，仅仅和-d、-D或者-r一起使用，使用-ld和使用-d的区别不是很大，在源码级调试的时候有用，要求编译时使用了-g之类的调试编译选项。 </p>
<p>**显示目标文件各个段的头部摘要信息： **</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># objdump -h mytest.o </span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">mytest.o:     <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">format</span> elf32-i386 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">Sections: 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">  <span class="token number">0</span> .text         0000001f  00000000  00000000  00000034  <span class="token number">2</span>**2 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, readonly, CODE 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">  <span class="token number">1</span> .data         00000000  00000000  00000000  00000054  <span class="token number">2</span>**2 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">  <span class="token number">2</span> .bss          00000000  00000000  00000000  00000054  <span class="token number">2</span>**2 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">                  ALLOC 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">  <span class="token number">3</span> .debug_abbrev 00000046  00000000  00000000  00000054  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">  <span class="token number">4</span> .debug_info   000000ed  00000000  00000000  0000009a  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">  <span class="token number">5</span> .debug_line   0000003e  00000000  00000000  00000187  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">  <span class="token number">6</span> .debug_frame  00000044  00000000  00000000  000001c8  <span class="token number">2</span>**2 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">  <span class="token number">7</span> .debug_loc    00000058  00000000  00000000  0000020c  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22">  <span class="token number">8</span> .debug_pubnames 0000002f  00000000  00000000  00000264  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23">                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24">  <span class="token number">9</span> .debug_aranges 00000020  00000000  00000000  00000293  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25">                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26"><span class="token number">10</span> .comment      0000002e  00000000  00000000  000002b3  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27">                  CONTENTS, READONLY 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28"><span class="token number">11</span> .note.GNU-stack 00000000  00000000  00000000  000002e1  <span class="token number">2</span>**0 
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29">                  CONTENTS, READONLY 
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="[root@localhost test]# objdump -h mytest.o 
mytest.o:     file format elf32-i386 

Sections: 
Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn 
  0 .text         0000001f  00000000  00000000  00000034  2**2 
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, readonly, CODE 
  1 .data         00000000  00000000  00000000  00000054  2**2 
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 
  2 .bss          00000000  00000000  00000000  00000054  2**2 
                  ALLOC 
  3 .debug_abbrev 00000046  00000000  00000000  00000054  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
  4 .debug_info   000000ed  00000000  00000000  0000009a  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
  5 .debug_line   0000003e  00000000  00000000  00000187  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
  6 .debug_frame  00000044  00000000  00000000  000001c8  2**2 
                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
  7 .debug_loc    00000058  00000000  00000000  0000020c  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
  8 .debug_pubnames 0000002f  00000000  00000000  00000264  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
  9 .debug_aranges 00000020  00000000  00000000  00000293  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, RELOC, READONLY, DEBUGGING 
10 .comment      0000002e  00000000  00000000  000002b3  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, READONLY 
11 .note.GNU-stack 00000000  00000000  00000000  000002e1  2**0 
                  CONTENTS, READONLY 
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>这里，更多的内容参见<code>man objdump</code>中的这个选项。</p>
<style>markdown-style pre .copied {
  display: flex;
  position: absolute;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: #a5afbb;
  top: 6px;
  right: 6px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: #82828226;
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 12px;
  transition: all .3s;
}
markdown-style pre .copied:not(.active) {
  visibility: hidden;
}
markdown-style pre:hover .copied {
  visibility: visible;
}
markdown-style pre:hover .copied:hover {
  background: #4caf50;
  color: #fff;
}
markdown-style pre:hover .copied:active,
markdown-style pre .copied.active {
  background: #2e9b33;
  color: #fff;
}
markdown-style pre .copied .octicon-copy {
  display: block;
}
markdown-style pre .copied .octicon-check {
  display: none;
}
markdown-style pre .active .octicon-copy {
  display: none;
}
markdown-style pre .active .octicon-check {
  display: block;
}</style><script>/*! @uiw/copy-to-clipboard v1.0.12 | MIT (c) 2021 Kenny Wang | https://github.com/uiwjs/copy-to-clipboard.git */
!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):(e="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:e||self).copyTextToClipboard=t()}(this,(function(){"use strict";return function(e,t){const o=document.createElement("textarea");o.value=e,o.setAttribute("readonly",""),o.style={position:"absolute",left:"-9999px"},document.body.appendChild(o);const n=document.getSelection().rangeCount>0&&document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0);o.select();let c=!1;try{c=!!document.execCommand("copy")}catch(e){c=!1}document.body.removeChild(o),n&&document.getSelection&&(document.getSelection().removeAllRanges(),document.getSelection().addRange(n)),t&&t(c)}}));

function copied(target, str) {
  target.classList.add('active');
  copyTextToClipboard(target.dataset.code, function() {
    setTimeout(() => {
      target.classList.remove('active');
    }, 2000);
  });
}</script></markdown-style>

</div>
<!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
<div class="footer ">
  <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/new/master/command">添加命令</a> |
  <a href="../hot.html">命令列表</a> |
  <a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews" target="_blank">Chrome 插件</a> |
  <a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases" target="_blank">Alfred</a> |
  <a href="https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/linux-command.docset.zip" target="_blank">Dash</a> |
  <a href="https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands" target="_blank">Krunner</a> |
  <a href="http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/" target="_blank">开源中国Web版</a>
  <br />
  <a href="https://jaywcjlove.github.io/#/sponsor" target="_blank">打赏捐赠</a> |
  <a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command" target="_blank">Github</a> |
  <a href="https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/" target="_blank">短地址：https://git.io/linux</a>
  <br />
  收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d
  <br /> 共搜集到
  <span id="commands_info">
    604
  </span> 个Linux命令，超过 <a href="../contributors.html">50+</a> 贡献者
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/dt.js?v=1710869894392"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/index.js?v=1710869894392"></script>
</body>
</html>